1.4 Explain the value of data and information
📘CompTIA ITF+ (FC0-U61)
What Does “Investing in Security” Mean?
Investing in security means using tools, policies, and processes to protect data and information from:
- Unauthorized access
- Data loss
- Data theft
- Data damage
- System disruption
Security investment includes:
- Security software and hardware
- Skilled IT staff
- Training users
- Creating rules and procedures
Why Security Is Important for Data and Information
Data and information are valuable assets. If they are not protected, an organization can lose control, trust, money, and system access.
Security ensures:
- Data stays private
- Data remains accurate
- Data is available when needed
The CIA Triad (Core Exam Concept)
Security is based on three main principles called the CIA Triad:
1. Confidentiality
Ensures that only authorized users can access data.
IT example:
- User accounts with usernames and passwords
- File permissions that allow only certain users to open files
- Encrypted databases that hide data from unauthorized users
Why it matters:
- Prevents data leaks and unauthorized viewing
2. Integrity
Ensures data is accurate and not changed without permission.
IT example:
- Checksums used to detect file changes
- Access controls that prevent users from editing files
- Logging systems that track changes
Why it matters:
- Prevents incorrect or tampered data from being used
3. Availability
Ensures data and systems are accessible when needed.
IT example:
- Backup systems to restore lost data
- Redundant servers to avoid downtime
- Power protection systems (UPS)
Why it matters:
- Prevents system outages and service interruptions
Consequences of Not Investing in Security
If security is weak or ignored, organizations may face:
1. Data Breaches
- Unauthorized users access sensitive data
- Stolen credentials or exposed files
2. Data Loss
- Accidental deletion
- Hardware failure
- Malware damage
3. System Downtime
- Services become unavailable
- Users cannot access systems or data
4. Loss of Trust
- Users lose confidence in the organization’s systems
- Damaged reputation
5. Financial and Legal Impact
- Costs to fix systems
- Fines for failing to protect data
Types of Security Investments (Exam-Relevant)
1. Technical Security Controls
These are technology-based protections.
Examples:
- Firewalls
- Antivirus and anti-malware software
- Encryption
- Intrusion detection systems
- Authentication systems (passwords, biometrics)
2. Administrative Security Controls
These are rules and policies.
Examples:
- Password policies
- Data access rules
- User roles and permissions
- Security awareness training
- Incident response plans
3. Physical Security Controls
These protect hardware and facilities.
Examples:
- Locked server rooms
- ID badge access
- Security cameras
- Restricted access areas
Importance of User Training in Security
Humans are often the weakest part of security.
Security training helps users:
- Create strong passwords
- Recognize suspicious emails
- Follow data handling rules
- Avoid unsafe downloads
Exam tip:
Security is not only about technology — people and processes matter too.
Security and Business Continuity
Investing in security helps ensure:
- Systems continue to operate
- Data can be recovered after failures
- Services are not interrupted
Examples:
- Regular data backups
- Disaster recovery plans
- Secure cloud storage
Security as a Long-Term Investment
Security is not a one-time setup. It requires:
- Regular updates
- Continuous monitoring
- Ongoing training
- Policy reviews
Threats constantly change, so security must evolve.
Key Exam Points to Remember
✔ Data and information are valuable assets
✔ Security protects confidentiality, integrity, and availability
✔ Weak security can cause data loss, breaches, and downtime
✔ Security includes technical, administrative, and physical controls
✔ User training is critical for strong security
✔ Investing in security protects systems, data, and trust
Simple Exam Summary
Investing in security means protecting data and information from unauthorized access, loss, and damage. It ensures data is private, accurate, and available. Strong security reduces risks, prevents downtime, and protects valuable IT assets.
