📘 CCNA 200-301 v1.1
4.9 Describe the capabilities and functions of TFTP/FTP in the network
Both TFTP and FTP are protocols used in networks for transferring files between devices. In the context of networking, these files are often configurations, software updates, or system backups.
1. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Purpose:
- FTP is used to transfer files between a client and a server over a network.
- Common in IT environments for moving files like device configurations, software images, or backups.
Key Points for CCNA:
| Feature | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Protocol Type | Uses TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) for reliable file transfer. |
| Port Numbers | Default ports: 21 (control/commands) and 20 (data transfer). |
| Security | FTP sends data, including usernames and passwords, in plain text, which is not secure. Secure alternatives like SFTP or FTPS exist, but basic FTP is still commonly tested. |
| Function | – Upload files from client to server. – Download files from server to client. – List, rename, delete files on the server. |
| Reliability | TCP ensures that files are transferred completely and correctly. |
| Use Case in Networking | – Uploading a new IOS image to a router or switch. – Backing up router/switch configurations to a central server. – Retrieving logs or system files for troubleshooting. |
How it works in IT networks:
- A network admin logs into the FTP server from their computer (client).
- They can upload a configuration file or download a router’s backup.
- TCP ensures that all parts of the file arrive correctly, so nothing is missing.
2. TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
Purpose:
- TFTP is a simpler, lighter version of FTP.
- It is mainly used for automatic file transfers in network devices, like routers and switches.
Key Points for CCNA:
| Feature | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Protocol Type | Uses UDP (User Datagram Protocol), which is faster but less reliable. |
| Port Number | Default port: 69 |
| Security | No authentication, no encryption. Not secure. |
| Function | – Transfer configuration files. – Upload or download IOS images. – Used for network device startup and recovery. |
| Reliability | UDP does not guarantee delivery, so sometimes TFTP transfers may fail if network is unstable. |
| Use Case in Networking | – Loading a router’s configuration file automatically after reboot. – Updating router/switch IOS images during maintenance. – Quick backup of device configuration. |
How it works in IT networks:
- A router can automatically request its configuration file from a TFTP server during boot.
- No login is needed, making it very simple for network devices.
- Because it uses UDP, it’s faster than FTP but can fail if the network is not stable.
3. FTP vs TFTP – Quick Comparison for CCNA
| Feature | FTP | TFTP |
|---|---|---|
| Protocol | TCP (reliable) | UDP (unreliable) |
| Port | 21 (control), 20 (data) | 69 |
| Security | Requires username/password (but plain text) | None (open) |
| Complexity | More complex, full-featured | Very simple, limited commands |
| Use Case | Manual file transfer between admins and servers | Automated file transfer for network devices |
| Reliability | High | Low (no guarantee) |
4. Why You Need to Know This for CCNA
For the exam, you may be asked to:
- Identify the difference between TFTP and FTP.
- Explain why TFTP is used for devices like routers and switches (automation, simplicity).
- Explain why FTP uses TCP (reliability for large files).
- Understand the port numbers for both protocols (TFTP 69, FTP 21/20).
These points are frequently tested because they are part of network file management, device configuration, and software upgrades, which are fundamental skills for CCNA-certified network administrators.
✅ Summary in Simple Words:
Both are about moving files, but the choice depends on speed, reliability, and device type.
FTP = full-featured, reliable file transfer for humans/admins, uses TCP, needs login.
TFTP = simple, automatic file transfer for devices, uses UDP, no login, faster but less reliable.
