2.3 Given a scenario, select and configure wireless devices and technologies
Network Types
📘CompTIA Network+ (N10-009)
Definition
An ad hoc network is a type of wireless network where devices communicate directly with each other without needing a central device, such as an access point (AP) or router.
- “Ad hoc” literally means “for this purpose”, implying that the network is temporary and created for a specific need.
- In an ad hoc network, each device acts as both a client and a router, sending and receiving data directly to other devices.
Key Characteristics
- No central infrastructure
- Unlike traditional networks that use an access point (infrastructure mode), ad hoc networks do not require a wireless AP.
- Peer-to-peer communication
- Devices connect directly to each other. Each device can talk to every other device within range.
- Temporary and flexible
- Ad hoc networks are created quickly for a short-term task and can be dissolved when no longer needed.
- Limited range
- Because there’s no centralized AP boosting the signal, the network range is limited to the distance devices can reach each other.
- Self-configuring
- Devices can join or leave the network easily. No special configuration is needed beyond enabling ad hoc mode and wireless discovery.
Common Use Cases in IT Environments
Ad hoc networks are often used for situations like:
- Quick file sharing between devices
- Two laptops in a server room need to transfer logs or updates without going through the corporate network.
- Device-to-device troubleshooting
- A technician connects directly to a server or workstation to run diagnostics without using the main network.
- Temporary wireless testing
- IT teams might set up a test network to check software, firmware, or updates before deploying to the main infrastructure.
Advantages
- Easy and quick to set up: No infrastructure needed.
- Portable: Can work anywhere as long as devices are within range.
- Cost-effective: No extra hardware like access points is required.
Disadvantages
- Limited scalability: Works well for a small number of devices (typically 2–10). Performance drops as more devices join.
- Security risks: Without a central controller, security depends on each device’s configuration. It’s easier for unauthorized devices to join.
- Limited range: Devices must be within direct wireless range.
- No central management: Harder to monitor, control, or enforce policies compared to infrastructure networks.
Comparison with Infrastructure Networks
| Feature | Ad Hoc Network | Infrastructure Network |
|---|---|---|
| Central Device | None | Access Point (AP) |
| Communication | Peer-to-peer | Devices communicate through AP |
| Range | Limited to device-to-device | Extended with APs |
| Setup | Quick, temporary | Requires configuration and planning |
| Security | Device-dependent | AP can enforce stronger security policies |
Exam Tips
- Keyword associations: Peer-to-peer, no AP, temporary, self-configuring, direct device communication.
- Scenario questions: Often you’ll see questions like:
- “You need to quickly connect two laptops to share files in a server room without using an access point. Which wireless mode would you use?” → Ad Hoc
- Remember limitations: Small network size, limited range, security risks.
Summary in Simple Terms
Think of an ad hoc network as a temporary, wireless network where devices talk directly to each other without using a central device. It’s fast, flexible, and useful for quick tasks, but it’s not meant for large, long-term network deployments.
